which of the following describes situational communication competence

While the ability to correctly form words, sentences, paragraphs, and larger bodies of text is an important expectation by schools and educators, the area of communicative competence can sometimes be overlooked. Furthermore, 70 percent of college students experience some trait CA, which means that addressing communication anxiety in a class like the one youre taking now stands to benefit the majority of students (Priem & Solomon, 2009). There are multiple stages of competence that I challenge you to assess as you communicate in your daily life: unconscious incompetence, conscious incompetence, conscious competence, and unconscious competence (Hargie, 2011). Specifically, this module will address the Communication and Situational Monitoring pillars of TeamSTEPPS. You likely havent heard professors or university administrators use the term communication competence, but as we learn more about it in this section, I am sure you will see how communication competence can benefit you in many aspects of your life. Why or why not? CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. For example, some cultures tend toward less touching and greater interpersonal distances during interactions. a. Vertical integration describes a situation in which a firm enters into activities where it is its own supplier and/or customer. 3-24. World-Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) Consortium consists of 40 partner states, all using the same 2012 amplification of the English language development standards. Additionally, once the initial effort is put into improving your nonverbal encoding and decoding skills and those new skills are put into practice, people are encouraged by the positive reactions from others. Paul Shanks Communication CC BY-NC 2.0. Communicative competence involves more than linguistic or grammatical competence. However, as your skills increase you may advance to conscious competence, meaning that you know you are communicating well in the moment, which will add to your bank of experiences to draw from in future interactions. Give timely, sensitive, instructive feedback to others about their performance on the team, responding respectfully as a team member to feedback from others. If the professor, however, regularly breaks off eye contact and looks anxiously at her office door, then she is sending a message that could be perceived as disinterest, which is incongruent with the overall message of care and concern she probably wants to encode. To improve your competence encoding nonverbal messages, increase your awareness of the messages you are sending and receiving and the contexts in which your communication is taking place. The cognitive elements of competence include knowing how to do something and understanding why things are done the way they are (Hargie, 2011). Bilingual education in the 21st century: A global perspective. Examples are provided in Figure 2.6. It allows for instant feedback, clarity, and understanding. Even though you may intend for your nonverbal messages to be congruent, they could still be decoded in a way that doesnt match up with your intent, especially since nonverbal expressions vary in terms of their degree of conscious encoding. Everyone reading this book already has some experience with and knowledge about communication. The following guidelines may help you more effectively encode nonverbal signals related to personal presentation and environment. Allen, M., John E. Hunter, and William A. Donohue, Meta-analysis of Self-Report Data on the Effectiveness of Public Speaking Anxiety Treatment Techniques, Communication Education 38, no. To better understand this definition, lets break apart its components. In general, people who are more expressive are better deceivers and people who are typically anxious are not good liars. Active listening, for example, combines good cognitive listening practices with outwardly visible cues that signal to others that we are listening. Pike, K.L. have a good command of technical and academic vocabulary as well of idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms. In verbal communication, how is emotion expressed? Student-produced texts may include unconventional features such as . Decades of research conducted by communication scholars shows that communication apprehension is common among college students (Priem & Solomon, 2009). The consequences of denying students first language can be far reaching because language, culture, and identity are inextricably linked. Situation Monitoring: Good Teamwork in the Medical Office. The following link is that on-line course for the change team. Visualize success through positive thinking. Interpersonal communication will solve all of your problems. The one with the picture describes the picture and the other draws it. One is given a picture. While learners follow a similar route in learning a second language, the rate in which they acquire the target language varies depending on a variety of linguistic, sociocultural, and cognitive factors. Watch this video, which is a fun way to understand the problems with communication: Learn English Click on this link to learn about the TeamSTEPPS communication pillar: TeamSTEPPS Communication Pillar Presentation. 63-77). Health care workers should cross their arms when speaking with patients. . People who are more nonverbally expressive typically form more positive initial impressions, because expressivity in the form of immediacy behaviors is attention getting and welcoming. Do the same for your nonverbal decoding competence. A job interview. Smiles can also help to disarm a potentially hostile person or deescalate conflict. The Home Language: An English Language Learners Most Valuable Resource. Colorn Colorado! Defining Competence. (2011). For example, you might know strategies for being an effective speaker, but public speaking anxiety that kicks in when you get in front of the audience may prevent you from fully putting that knowledge into practice. What other options would improve situational monitoring? This phenomenon is known as mirroring, which refers to the often subconscious practice of using nonverbal cues in a way that match those of others around us. Being a higher self-monitor can help you catch nonverbal signals that might signal that you arent listening, at which point you could consciously switch to more active listening signals. (London: Routledge, 2011), 81. Some claim that translanguaging pedagogy pays too much attention to the students bilingualism; others worry that it could threaten the language separation traditionally posited as necessary for language maintenance and development (Vogel & Garcia, 2017). You can use facial expressions to manage your expressions of emotions to intensify what youre feeling, to diminish what youre feeling, to cover up what youre feeling, to express a different emotion than youre feeling, or to simulate an emotion that youre not feeling (Metts & Planlap, 2002). In terms of sending, the tendency of children to send unmonitored nonverbal signals reduces as we get older and begin to monitor and perhaps censor or mask them (Andersen, 1999). English learners engage in written communication in a variety of forms for a variety of purposes and audiences. Do you consider yourself a good deceiver? Since this book focuses on communication in the real world, strategies for developing communication competence are not only limited to this section. The head leaning over and being supported by a hand can typically be decoded as a sign of boredom, the thumb supporting the chin and the index finger touching the head close to the temple or eye as a sign of negative evaluative thoughts, and the chin stroke as a sign that a person is going through a decision-making process (Pease & Pease, 2004). Bilingual books: Promoting literacy and biliteracy in the second-language and mainstream classroom. There is no one tell that gives away when someone is lying. Multiple Choice Quiz - Oxford University Press As your nonverbal encoding competence increases, you can strategically manipulate your behaviors. The reason often is because many ethical missteps are situational. How is instruction planned to address their different content and language needs? Identify good and poorcommunication and situational monitoring techniques. Which of the following is an example of audience? In summary, although we have a clear definition of communication competence, there are not definitions for how to be competent in any given situation, since competence varies at the individual, social, and cultural level. Careful observation of and interaction with individual students aids educators in identifying each students level of language proficiency. Take a moment to recall the information Rudi Heinz collected about Faridahs English language proficiency test scores: Using the information presented in the preceding section, answer the following questions. Priem, J. S., and Denise Haunani Solomon, Comforting Apprehensive Communicators: The Effects of Reappraisal and Distraction on Cortisol Levels among Students in a Public Speaking Class, Communication Quarterly 57, no. Some key components include motivation, self- and other knowledge, and tolerance for uncertainty. Since speakers become more nervous when they think that audience members are able to detect their nervousness based on outwardly visible, mostly nonverbal cues, it is logical that confidence in ones ability to control those outwardly visible cues would result in a lessening of that common fear. The English language proficiency (ELP) standards developed by TESOL provide a model of the process of language acquisition that can be adapted by districts and states within the context of their own language leveling system (see Figure 2.4 for these standards). True. Even though we generally fit into certain social and cultural patterns, some people deviate from those norms. In many introductory communication classes that I teach, a student usually says something like You must be really good at this stuff since you study it and have been teaching it for a while. At the same time students assume that I have a high level of communication competence, they are hard on themselves for being at the stage of conscious incompetence, where they catch themselves communicating poorly in regards to a concept we recently studied. The first part of the definition we will unpack deals with knowledge. As you read the scenario below, think about English language learners (ELLs) you may know. In terms of physiology, age, maturity, and ability to communicate affect competence. construct meaning from text primarily through nonprint features (e.g., illustrations, graphs, maps, tables). MGMT 371 CHAPTER 19 (FINAL) Flashcards | Quizlet After a book has been read and discussed in the L2, students can use the L1 version to write about the topic, review issues discussed, or further their understanding. A lack of communication and social relationships can case a range of physical and mental illnesses. I teach history! For example, we are explicitly taught the verbal codes we use to communicate. Practice is a speakers best friend. However, when I do mess up, I almost always make a mental note and reflect on it. This states that communication skills that work in some situations will not work in all . Ernst-Slavit, G. & Slavit, D. (2007). Multiple Choice Quiz - Oxford University Press Communication competence refers to the knowledge of effective and appropriate communication patterns and the ability to use and adapt that knowledge in various contexts. TeamSTEPPS Overview Presentation, AHRQ also offers an on-line course in TeamSTEPPS for create change teams within a primary care practice. Which, if any, of the nonverbal cues discussed do you think help you deceive others or give you away? None of these have consistently been associated with deception (Andersen, 1999). Facial expressions. Here are suggested problems: Watch this video, which is a fun way to understand what is situational monitoring. Be aware that clenched hands may signal aggression or anger, nail biting or fidgeting may signal nervousness, and finger tapping may signal boredom. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. One way for students to obtain sufficient amounts of written input is through pleasure reading, whether in L1 or L2. A) nontraditional media. In G. Noblit & L. Moll (Eds. occasionally make structural and lexical errors. Communication apprehension and public speaking anxiety are common but can be managed productively. Whether you will give your first presentation in this class next week or in two months, you may be one of many students in the introduction to communication studies course to face anxiety about communication in general or public speaking in particular. Although cultural patterns exist, people also exhibit idiosyncratic nonverbal behavior, meaning they dont always follow the norms of the group. Pride, & J. Holmes (Eds. The matrix in Figure 2.1 depicts the four language domains. Alexandria, VA: Author. Listen actively, and encourage ideas and opinions of other team members. In response to both of these comments, I say, Just because I know the concepts and definitions doesnt mean I always put them to good use. Mirroring is largely innate and subconscious, but we can more consciously use it and a variety of other nonverbal signals, like the immediacy behaviors we discussed earlier, to help create social bonds and mutual liking. If we decide to engage in deception, we then have to compose a fabrication or execute some other manipulation strategy that we think is believable. Personal contexts? In modern times, communication scholars and teachers have worked hard to understand and describe what it means to be a competent communicator. 4.3 (3 reviews) Term. themes, concepts, genre, characters, and so on. Ernst-Slavit, G., & Mulhern, M. (2003, September/October). may not understand texts in which the concepts are presented in isolation and without contextualized support, the sentence structure is complex, or the vocabulary is abstract or has multiple meanings. Since facial expressions are often subconscious, they may be an indicator of incongruency within a speakers message, and you may need to follow up with questions or consider contextual clues to increase your understanding. Which of the following best describes a communication channel? The research on deception and nonverbal communication indicates that heightened arousal and increased cognitive demands contribute to the presence of nonverbal behaviors that can be associated with deception. Out of the skills listed, which ones are you more competent in and less competent in? Gestures send messages about your emotional state. How are words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs put together to create cohesive and coherent communication (conversations, speeches, e-mail messages, reports, newspaper articles)? How do I know when Ive misunderstood someone or when someone has misunderstood me? the receiver provides feedback. B) facial expressions. Robert S. Feldman (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1992), 64. This will help bring the concepts to life and also help you evaluate how communication in the real world matches up with communication concepts. What is competent or not varies based on social and cultural context, which makes it impossible to have only one standard for what counts as communication competence (Cooley & Roach, 1984). Nonverbal congruence refers to consistency among different nonverbal expressions within a cluster. Getting Started on Your Road to Communication Competence, The Getting Competent boxes throughout this book are meant to help you become a more confident and skilled communicator. Restaurant servers, bartenders, car salespeople, realtors, exotic dancers, and many others who work in a service or sales capacity know that part of sealing the deal is making people feel liked, valued, and important. c. a conscious decision to invest time and energy in improving our communication with others. The Department of Defense and the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) developed a program to help create high performing teams. He is a lot older than me. Getting integrated: Evaluate your speaking and listening competencies based on the list generated by the NCA. . Some years later, the use of the term was expanded in the United States by Ofelia Garcia (see, for example, Garca & Wei, 2014; Garca & Kleyn, 2016) to refer to the language practices of people who speak more than one language. The use of translanguaging in educational contexts has brought a wealth of both interest and disagreement. People have idiosyncratic nonverbal behaviors, which create an individual context that varies with each person. We also shift the front of our body away from others since it has most of our sensory inputs and also allows access to body parts that are considered vulnerable, such as the stomach, face, and genitals (Andersen, 1999). For ideas about how to find out information about students cultures, see the section called Background in Chapter 3 of this text. Illinois at https://www.isbe.net/Pages/English-Language-Learning-Standards.aspx; Increased awareness about these cycles can help you make conscious moves to change your nonverbal communication and, subsequently, your cognitive and emotional states (McKay, Davis, & Fanning, 1995). Pike (1982), notes that [l]anguage is not merely a set of unrelated sounds, clauses, rules, and meanings; it is a total coherent system of these integrating with each other, and with behavior, context, universe of discourse, and observer perspective (p. 44). Discuss communication apprehension and public speaking anxiety and employ strategies to manage them. What can he say or do to advocate for the students while at the same time maintaining a good working relationship with Mrs. Holton? You know, I cant drive yet. Want to create or adapt books like this? These diverse needs made lesson planning challenging, but his ELL kids were counting on him to find a way to communicate with them. Additionally, CA can lead others to make assumptions about your communication competence that may be unfavorable. Since infringements on others territory can arouse angry reactions and even lead to violence (think of the countless stories of neighbors fighting over a fence or tree), be sensitive to territorial markers. According the the text, communication competence MUST be both Contextual communication styles affect listening in many ways. New York and London: Routledge. Additionally, when people are falsely accused of deception, the signs that they exhibit as a result of the stress of being falsely accused are very similar to the signals exhibited by people who are actually engaging in deception. Williams, C. 1996. Communication, specifically, interpersonal communication, is the personal exchange of information between two or more people. One such force is the truth bias, which leads us to believe that a person is telling the truth, especially if we know and like that person. Translanguaging with multilingual students. Most of us know that such behaviors lead to predictable and avoidable conflict cycles, yet we are all guilty of them. When we become more aware of the messages we are sending, we can monitor for nonverbal signals that are incongruent with other messages or may be perceived as such. 1 / 26. Be open-minded about anothers point of view. Figure 2.2 PreK-12 Englis Language Proficiency Standards. Think of a time when you were struggling in school/academic setting and could not hand in an assignment.

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