list of dictatorship countries

The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". The authors acknowledged that the last rule is more complicated to implement, but stated that it helps researchers to control potential errors and removes subjective judgement from the classification. The type of dictatorship a country is ruled by typically comes down to the methods the dictator used to obtain power and how they go about maintaining it. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. List of Famous Dictators - Ranker - Lists About Everything Voted On By A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. The terms "autocrat" and "autocracy" are often used interchangeably with "dictator" and "dictatorship". While Thailand remains the world's last active military dictatorship, other notable examples of modern countries with histories of military rule include: Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Greece. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. Poverty alleviation in these 10 dictatorship countries is in some cases associated with human rights abuses, violent crackdowns on the political opposition and indigenous people. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain , from 1939 to 1975. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. Are there left-wing dictators? - Quora [124], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions. [35][36] These dictatorships often emerge either from loosely organized seizures of power, giving the leader opportunity to consolidate power, or from democratically elected leaders in countries with weak institutions, giving the leader opportunity to change the constitution. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. [11][12] He describes totalitarian regimes as exercising control over politics and political mobilization rather than merely suppressing it. There's no room for opposition or . Some of the multi-party states with governing communist parties include Brazil, Nepal, India, and Russia. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index has the main regime types of "democracy" and "dictatorship" and three sub-types for each as well. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. The territory of today's Algeria was the home of many prehistoric cultures, including Aterian and Capsian and the, Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country in Southern Africa. in Turkey, Kamal Pasha, established his dictatorship in 1921 and he remained in power till his death in 1938. In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. Parliamentary democracy is the same as semi-presidential but has heads of state which are not popularly elected for a fixed term, typically either monarchs or officials not chosen by popular elections. Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. US Provides Military Assistance to 73 Percent of World's Dictatorships [45] Although, when it comes to polling and elections a dictator could use his power to override private preferences. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. [26], A dictatorship may fall because of a military coup, foreign intervention, negotiation, or popular revolution. In addition to executive authority, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, which enables him to change the law to fit his agenda. Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. 15 Countries with Dictatorships Today (Or on Their Way to Dictatorships [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . Many others developed following a period of warlordism. The military takes control of the country (usually through a direct coup), installs the dictator of its choosing (typically the highest-ranking military officer), and uses force of arms to preserve its power. Among the 10 dictatorship countries profiled, poverty is endemic. He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. [128]. They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator. Dictatorship: What It Is, Types, Characteristics And Examples [27], One-party dictatorships are more stable than other forms of authoritarian rule, as they are less susceptible to insurgency and see higher economic growth. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. The dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945, Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919. List of monarchs of fictional countries - Wikipedia Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. [10] Political scientist Juan Jos Linz identifies a spectrum of political systems with democracies and totalitarian regimes separated by authoritarian regimes with varied classifications of hybrid systems. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. In fact, most dictators adopt common appellations such as "President" or "Prime Minister", so they must be identified via their actions and policies rather than their title. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. [1]:70. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. One person holds all of the country's power. [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders - YouTube Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. Military dictatorship | Military Wiki | Fandom Modern Dictatorships Between 1919 and 1939 there was a great reaction against democracy and dictatorship was established in many countries of the world. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. [8]:454 The government composes the chief executive and the heads of the executive departments. 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Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar? The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. [94], Marxist and nationalist movements became popular in Southeast Asia as a response to colonial control and the subsequent Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia, with both ideologies facilitating the creation of dictatorships after World War II. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. [34] When a one-party dictatorship develops gradually through legal means, in can result in conflict between the party organization and the state apparatus and civil service, as the party rules in parallel and increasingly appoints its own members to positions of power. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. From the outside looking in, life within a dictatorship appears akin to being in a toxic relationship or living situation. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. The chief executive must be chosen by popular election or by a body that was itself popularly elected. After authoritarian monarchies, these tend to be the longest-lasting dictatorships, as they can more easily install a new dictator if the existing one leaves office (rare) or dies. The 10 most capitalist nations in the world - Yahoo! Elections also support the legitimacy of a dictatorship by presenting the image of a democracy, establishing plausible deniability of its status as a dictatorship for both the populace and foreign governments. Nations with a legacy of military dictatorship (s) In Africa Algeria (1965-1994) Burkina Faso (1966-1991) Burundi (1966-1993) Central African Republic (1966-1993) Chad (1975-1991) Congo-Brazzaville (1968-1992) Equatorial Guinea (1968-1982) Ethiopia (1974-1991) Gambia, The (1994-1997) Guinea (1984-1991) Ghana (1966-1969; 1972-1979; 1981-1993) An appropriate example of this occurred in 2020 when Russian president Vladimir Putin and his party introduced amendments to the country's constitution that reworked term limits, enabling Putin to remain in power until 2036. 8 Current Dictators as of 2018 - The Borgen Project Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all power lies in the hands of a single individual. Click to visit dictatorship | Definition, Characteristics, Countries Military dictatorship - McGill University Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. He took control of the nation in 1973 after leading a coup that deposed elected leftist leader Salvador Allende. What Countries Have a Totalitarian Government Today? - Reference.com ], Based on the regime binary classification idea proposed by Alvarez in 1996,[5] and the Democracy and Development (or DD measure, ACLP dataset) proposed by Przeworski et al. North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. Skyline of Downtown Dubai with Burj Khalifa from a Helicopter. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. Monarchies may be dynastic, in which the royal family serves as a ruling institution similar to a political party in a one-party state, or they may be non-dynastic, in which the monarch rules independently of the royal family as a personalist dictator. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. [1] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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