archetypal criticism in othello

But heres my husband; Van Meurs also does a service by resurrecting successful but neglected early studies, such as Elizabeth Drews of T. S. Eliot (1949), and discovering value even in reductionist and impressionistic studies, such as June Singers of Blake. But Jos van Meurss critically annotated 1988 bibliography, Jungian Literary Criticism, 1920-1980, effectively challenges this claim. Van Meurss bibliography conveys the great variety of Jungian writings on literature even within one language, the increasingly recognized potential for further development and use of Jungs ideas, and the growth in numbers of literary scholars falling under the influence of Jung. Eventually, this leads to Othellos suicide. Othello is characterized by his plainspoken read analysis of Othello Iago Othello's disloyal standard-bearer and the villain of the play. Shakespeare shifts the action from Venice to Cyprus. Jungs Psychology of the Unconscious (1916, B. M. Hinkles translation of the 1911-12 Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido) appeared in English one year after publication of the concluding volume with bibliography of the third edition of J. G. Frazers The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (2 vols., 1890,3d ed., 12 vols., 1911-15). Othello is a man of high rank in Venice. He has already judged and condemned her, but he is still hunting evidence, seeking to justify to himself the stand he has already taken. "Now will I question assio of ianca, As he shall smile, Othello shall go mad; . Archetypal criticism proceeds from the initial assumption that every work of literature can be categorized and fitted into a large framework that encompasses all literature. "In Sidney's view, tragedy provokes "the affects of admiration and commiseration" and so demonstrates "the uncertainty of this world". At the center of the plays intrigue is Shakespeares most sinister and formidable conceptions of evil in Iago, whose motives and the wellspring of his villainy continue to haunt audiences and critics alike. Othello assumes that Emilia is helping Desdemona in her infidelity. Like the base Indian, threw a pearl away Shakespeare on the other hand has portrayed women as both object and subject. The fulfillment of the wedding night that should come at the climax of the comedy is relocated to act 2, with the aftermath of the courtship and the wedding now taking center stage. But Jung's theory of the archetypes of the collective unconscious differs . Archetypal critics are also interested in certain myths and rituals that recur in a wide variety of cultures. while we are reading any of [Shakespeare's] great criminal characters - we think not so much of the crimes which they commit, as of the ambition, the aspiring spirit, the intellectual activity which prompts them to . The three women are Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. New theoretical approaches appear to legitimize orthodox Jungian ways of reading, sanction Jungs range of literary preferences from She to Faust, and support his highly affective reaction to Ulysses, which he himself identified (positively) as a subjective confession (i5:io9n). After confronting Desdemona of her crimes he decides to carry out his overall plan to end his trues loves life. (V.2.316, 323) It is beyond a doubt Othello's fault that all of this wreckage befalls him, and his still has not had a moment of recognition of his failures at reasoning and understanding. From the moment when the temptation of the hero begins, the readers heart and mind are held in a vice, experiencing the extremes of pity and fear, sympathy and repulsion, sickening hope and dreadful expectation. The scene crowns love triumphant. Archetypal Criticism | SpringerLink The Three Archetypes of Emilia in William Shakespeare's "Othello" Within these three days let me hear thee say The Women of Othello There are only three female characters in Othello, and each plays a critical role in Shakespeare's artfully crafted plot of jealousy and retribution. Patterns originate from the writer's . By trying to hide the fact that Othello had murdered her, Desdemona has chosen to put the honor of their love above honesty. Iago replies: Demand me nothing; what you know, you know: / From this time forth I never will speak word. By Iagos exiting the stage, closing access to his motives, the focus remains firmly on Othello, not as Iagos victim, but as his own. He suffers barbs and preconceived notions, yet Othello is esteemed and wins the love of the daughter of a nobleman. The formerly self-sufficient Othello has now staked his life to his faith in Desdemona and their union, and she has done the same. Iagos motivation is anything but explainable in conventional terms. Many fell prey to Jungs idiosyncrasies as a reader, ranging widely and naively over genres, periods, and languages in search of the universal archetypes, while sweeping aside cultureand text-specific problems, ignoring their own role in the act of reading and basing critical evaluation solely on a texts contribution to the advancement of the readers individuation process, a kind of literature-astherapy standard. Kibin does not guarantee the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of the essays in the library; essay content should not be construed as advice. To protect the anonymity of contributors, we've removed their names and personal information from the essays. Carl Jungs Contribution to Psychoanalytic Theory. Issues of genre, period, and language were ignored or subjected to gross generalization as Jung searched for universals in texts as disparate as the fourth-century Shepherd of Hermas, the Divine Comedy, Francesco Colonnas Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (1499), E. T. A. Hoffmans tales, Pierre Benoits LAtlantide (1919-20), and Henry Wadsworth Longfellows Hiawatha, as well as works by Carl Spitteler and William Blake. Othello sends Emilia outside to guard the door. Literary Archetypes: Definition, List, Elements & Examples R. F. C. Hull, 2 vois., 1973-75). The tragic hero archetype is used in many different pieces of writing and with every character comes a different way of using it. It is in Act 3 Scene 3 where Othello takes on a new persona, where his confidence and happiness is tragically replaced with jealousy and rage. Nobody; I myself. However, in William Shakespeare's Othello, Emilia's character portrays three completely different archetypes and they all come through in strategical places. Farewell / Commend me to my kind lord. This causes him to lose his ability to make good judgments and decisions. From the theorists, dissertations, articles, and books, often traditionally academic in orientation, appeared; the productions of the practitioners are chronicled and critiqued in van Meurss bibliography. After the. To date, the British Journal of Analytical Psychology and the retitled American Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture are the best resources for archetypal criticism of literature and the arts even though only a small percentage of their published articles treat such topics. The scapegoat is the character that gets blamed for everything regardless if he or she was actually the one who did or not (Archetypes). For the onlookers on stage, the final tableau of the dead Desdemona and Othello poisons sight and provokes the command to Let it be hid. The witnesses on stage cannot compute rationally what has occurred nor why, but the audience has been given a privileged view of the battle between good and evil worked out in the private recesses of a bedroom and a human soul. (DOC) Archetypal Criticism | Nadhim Aljanabi - Academia.edu Iago's intelligence and wit allows him to make good sport of the protagonists of the play, sending Othello to his doom and that of his family. Placing responsibility in the stars - he calls Desdemona an "ill-starred wench" - is hardly a gallant course of action. Archetype - Examples and Definition of Archetype - Literary Devices The character of Iago is so conducted, that he is from the first scene to the last hated and despised. My soul hath content so absolute This burgeoning theoretical movement and the generally unsatisfying nature of so much early Jungian literary criticism are both linked to the problematic nature of Jungs own writing on literature, which comprises a handful of essays: The Type Problem in Poetry, On the Relation of Analytical Psychology to Poetry, Psychology and Literature, Ulysses: A Monologue, and Is There a Freudian Type of Poetry? These essays reveal Jungs lack of awareness as a reader despite his sense that they may show how ideas that play a considerable role in my work can be applied to literary material (Collected 15:109^. (3.3.54) Ex. She is not as strong-willed like the other ladies and is Shakespeares example of the archetype of the innocence and has the bases of a flat character. Hillman also discovers archetypal precursors in Neoplatonism, Heraclitus, Plotinus, Proclus, Marsilio Ficino, and Giambattista Vico. These patterns include persistent images, figures, and story patterns shared by people across diverse cultures. The execution of his wit, hands, heart Of one not easily jealous but, being wrought, Further, Jung termed his own theory analytical psychology, as it is still known especially in Europe, but Jungian thought is more commonly referred to today in all disciplines as archetypal psychology.. Desperate to cling to the security of his former identity as a soldier while his current identity as a lover crumbles, Othello begins to confuse the one with the other. Key quotation (Aside) O, you are well tuned now!But I'll set down the pegs that make this music, As honest as I am. Marxist criticism would also have offered a distinctive way of looking at Othello. On a general level, Jungs and Fryes theorizings about archetypes, however labeled, overlap, and boundaries are elusive, but in the disciplines of literature the two schools have largely ignored each others work. What makes you cringe? 1: 4), but he distinguishes his concept and use of the term from that of philosophical idealism as being more empirical and less metaphysical, though most of his empirical data were dreams. A Christian Moor and general of the armies of Venice, Othello is an eloquent and physically powerful figure, respected by all those around him. In this essay let us examine the various themes and determine which are dominant and which subordinate. The play imitates life through basic human emotions such as jealousy and rage. Desdemona is shown as the most pure and proper of the women in Othello and is put into the center of all the drama. By the end of the play, he has brought down his world around him with the relentless force that made him a great general turned inward, destroying both what he loved best in another and in himself. No single motive is relied on for long, and the gap between cause and effect, between the pettiness of Iagos grudges and the monstrousness of his behavior, prompted Samuel Taylor Coleridge in a memorable phrase to characterize Iagos motiveless malignity. There is in Iago a zest for villainy and a delight in destruction, driven more by his hatred and contempt for any who oppose his conception of jungle law than by a conventional naturalistic explanation based on jealousy or envy. "Othello", by William Shakespeare, is a story of jealousy's potential to manipulate thoughts and eventually lead to ultimate demise. Archetypal Theory - Literary Criticism This type of criticism was first experimented by Maud Bodkin, in his book Archetypal Patterns in Poetry (1934). Nor set down aught in malice. "An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare." A general in the army, Othello holds a distinguished place in the Duke's court due to his victories in battle, but not an equal one. In addition, he modified and extended his concept over the many decades of his professional life, often insisting that archetype named a process, a perspective, and not a content, although this flexibility was lost through the codifying, nominalizing tendencies of his followers. Not only does she try to protect Othellos reputation by blaming herself, Desdemona tells Emilia to remind Othello about her showing that she stills respects Othello. Unfortunately, this got the ball rolling for Othellos inevitable downfall. Herbert Read, Michael Fordham, and Gerhard Adler, 20 vois., 1953-79), Letters (trans. In Re-Visioning Psychology, the published text of his 1972 Yale Terry Lectures (the same lecture series Jung gave in 1937), Hillman locates the archetypal neither in the physiology of the brain, the structure of language, the organization of society, nor the analysis of behavior, but in the processes of imagination (xi). Feminist Criticism In Othello - 1360 Words - Internet Public Library As the story unfolds Othellos character evolves in an extremely tragic way as Iago manipulates him and leaves him to rot in his misery. The concept of the archetype is a venerable philosophical principle that came into new prominence and usage in the twentieth century with the development of archetypal literary criticism . When citing an essay from our library, you can use "Kibin" as the author. Seeing her dying, Emilia asks who would do this. What is striking about Shakespeares alteration of Cinthios grisly tale of murder and villainy is the shift of emphasis to the provocation for the murder, the ennobling of Othello as a figure of great stature and dignity to underscore his self-destruction, and the complication of motive for the ensigns actions. Indeed, the psychological resonances of the drama, along with its provocative racial and gender themes, have caused Othello, perhaps more than any other of Shakespeares plays, to reverberate the loudest with current audiences and commentators. CYC3000_GettingtoKnowDisabilityJustice_Week 2.docx - Child As Iago asserts to Roderigo, Virtue? Learn what works (and what doesn't) from the reader's perspective. Further, the text offered confirmation (and poetic representation) of the only direct contribution Jung made to literary theory: a distinction between psychological and visionary texts (Collected 15:89-90). But Wheelwright, for example, barely mentions Jung (The Burning Fountain, 1954), and he, Fergusson, and others often owe more to Sigmund Freud, Ernest Jones, Oedipus Rex, and the Oedipus complex than to anything taken from Jung. Archetypal criticism, then, construed as that derived from Jung's theory and practice of archetypal (analytical) psychology, is a fledgling and much misconstrued field of inquiry with significant but still unrealized potential for the study of literature and of aesthetics in general. What is a tragic hero and why is Othello considered one? He notes that Singers Unholy Bible: A Psychological Interpretation of William Blake (1970), though oversimplified in its psychobiographical approach and its treatment of characters as psychological projections of the author, does make original use in a literary context of such Jungian techniques of dream interpretation as amplification and of such fantasy-evoking procedures as active imagination.. "Othello is like a hero of the ancient world in that he is not a man like us, but a man recognized as extraordinary". In Shakespeare's Othello, Iago is one of the most compelling villains in English literature. Literary Archetypes The Legend of Sleepy Hollow The Loved One The Magus The Making of Americans The Man in the High Castle The Mayor of Casterbridge The Member of the Wedding The Metamorphosis The Natural The Plague The Plot Against America The Portrait of a Lady The Power of Sympathy The Red Badge of Courage The Road The Road from Coorain As hells from heaven. (2023). As in a typical Shakespearean comedy, love, tested, triumphs over all opposition. Perplexed in the extreme; of one whose hand, They were built to defen the city of Nicosia during the Otto-man Venetian war. Othello is now reduced to questioning his wife's maid, Emilia, looking for evidence of Desdemona's infidelity. What hooks you? English Literature: Frye: The Archetypes - Blogger PPT - Archetypal Criticism PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID Archetypal theory and criticism, although often used synonymously with Myth theory and crticism, has a distinct history and process. Their union is opposed by Desdemonas father, Brabantio, and by a rival for Desdemona, Roderigo, who in the plays opening scenes are both provoked against Othello by Iago. archetypal criticism in othello Indeed, myth criticism seems singularly unaffected by any of the archetypal theorists who have remained faithful to the origins and traditions of depth, especially analytical, psychologyJames Hillman, Henri Corbin, Gilbert Durand, Rafael Lopez-Pedraza, Evangelos Christou. An archetype is universal; it is generated by man's psyche regardless of time of place. The tragedy of Othello is not a fault of a single villain, but is rather a consequence of a wide range of feelings, judgments and misjudgments, and attempts for personal justification exhibited by all of the participants. Posted on . In this play there are only three women in the entire play. Looking at William Shakespeare's Othello The Moor Of Venice, the central character, Othello is revered as the tragic hero. 1. Innocent characters also suffer, like Desdemona. Othello is a tragedy plan written by William Shakespeare. For Jung, archetype is an explanatory paraphrase of the Platonic eidos (9, pt. The major work of Frye's to deal with archetypes is Anatomy of Criticism but his essay The Archetypes of Literature is a precursor to the book. Othello: A Survey of Criticism :: Internet Shakespeare Editions - UVic.ca Archetypal criticism, then, construed as that derived from Jungs theory and practice of archetypal (analytical) psychology, is a fledgling and much misconstrued field of inquiry with significant but still unrealized potential for the study of literature and of aesthetics in general. During the play Iago manipulates Othello because Lieutenant Cassio was promoted ahead of him, and also because he suspects that Othello has had an affair with his wife.

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