why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The invasion failed, however. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. Died: 24 March 1603. They began to revolt against the Spanish. Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. West Yorkshire, This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. All Catholic priests are ordered to leave the country. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. Tudor Rebellions: Causes & Timeline - Video & Lesson Transcript - Study.com In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. As Phillip was a devout Catholic, he disliked Elizabeths religious settlement and Protestanism. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II. King Phillip had been preparing for an attack on England since 1585 and Marys execution made the situation worse with him even more determined to invade England. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. GCSE: Early Elizabethan England (1558-88) - Tutor2u Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. Topic guides / Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. Therefore, Elizabeths legitimacy was questioned because of the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. It was a turning point: the rest of Elizabeth's reign was bedevilled by plots and rumours of Catholic rebellion. There were French troops in Scotland, and this posed a problem for Elizabeth and the security of England because England was still technically at war with France. gcse history 16 mark answer - The Student Room Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. Elizabeth 1 - Foreign Policy - Revision Cards in A Level and IB History By studying this week, students should have an understanding of: . In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. Parma and his men, however, were being blockaded by Dutch ships and werent able to reach the coast in time. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. He also had a big empire in North and South America and by 1581, he had also become King of Portugal which gave him control of the important Atlantic port of Lisbon. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. He plotted a Spanish invasion of England, which would involve the killing of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. Boston House, LS23 6AD This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. In 1560, Scotland was ruled by Elizabeth's cousin called Mary Queen of Scots (MQS). Best Answer. West Yorkshire, The conspirators including Babington were all. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. - rebelling of scottish lords. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. Level 4 is about analysis supported by a detailed line of reasoning, so embracing counter-arguments like this are encouraged (so long as they can be explained).]. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. Drake was the first English person to achieve this (and the second person in history at the time). Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. LS23 6AD The English sent 8 fireships loaded with flammable materials in the middle of the night towards the anchored Spanish ships. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? PDF Mark Scheme (Stage 8 Sign Off) November 2020 to answer the Section Focus Question: Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). 2. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. The Armada sailed up the Channel in a defensive crescent formation which used the large armed galleons to protect the weaker supply ships and infantry ships. What happened to Elizabeth I in 1554? - Answers Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. 1558 -french threat. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. 1534 Duke of Angoulme (third son of Francis I)c1542 A Prince of Portugal1543 Son of the Earl of Arran 1544 Prince Philip (Philip II) 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour 1552 Prince of Denmark 1553 Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire 1554 Philibert Emanuel, Duke of Savoy 1554 Prince of Denmark 1556 Prince Eric of Sweden 1556 Don Carlos (son of Philip II)1559 Philip II 1559 Prince Eric of Sweden 1559 Son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony 1559 Sir William Pickering 1559 Earl of Arran 1559 Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel 1559 Robert Dudley 1560 King Eric of Sweden 1560 Adolphus, Duke of Holstein 1560 King Charles IX 1560 Henry, Duke of Anjou 1566 Robert Dudley 1568 Archduke Charles 1570 Henry Duke of Anjou 1572- 1584 Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Anjou. Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises. Boston Spa, Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. Elizabeth's Accession and Her Legitimacy (GCSE Example Answer - Tutor2u By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. First English colony in Virginia established. AQA GCSE History Paper 2 Section A 8145/2A/C - 16 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 2: British depth study 1HI0 B1-B4 16 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 2: Period study 1HIA P1-P5 - 21 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA A Level History Paper 1 (options A to L) 7042/1C - 26 May 2022 [Exam Chat], OCR A Level History Non-British period study: All Exams - 22 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 1: Thematic study 1HI0 10-13 - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 2 Section B 8145/2B/C - 21 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 2 Section A 8145/2A/A - 16 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 1 Section B 8145/1B/C - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel A Level History Paper 3: 9HI0 30-39 - 22 June 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 1 Section B 8145/1B/B - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 3: Modern depth study 1HI0 30-33 - 9 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel A Level History Paper 2: Depth Study 9HI0 2A-2H - 10 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat]. By August 1986, Walsingham had gathered enough evidence to dismantle the plot. Elizabeth I inherited a position of war with France, which was declared by Mary in 1556. Here then, military alliances, English weaknesses, questions of legitimacy and the influence of religion all meant Elizabeth was very vulnerable upon her accession. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. Babington and other known plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered. France was to be a constant thorn in the side of Elizabeth I throughout her reign. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Boston Spa, This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. Abroad, however, was another matter as Marys execution inflamed Catholic opposition and increased the threat of foreign invasion. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. In response to the Throckmorton Plot, Elizabeths advisors drafted the Bond of Association, which was aimed at deterring any further plots. Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. Anyone refusing to pay poor rates could be imprisoned and officials failing to organise poor relief could be fined. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. Boston House, The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . Spain did not control a deep water port where the Armada could anchor safely and this left them extremely vulnerable to an attack while it waited for Parmas troops to escape the Dutch blockade. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. Freshwater supplies were lost and many tons of food rotted as the fleet eventually sailed to England in 1588. Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. This aimed to ensure poor relief was collected. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . . The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned. This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. This increased tension between England and Spain. Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? Dedicated to. No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. 214 High Street, 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! The Catholic threat - Elizabethan Religious Settlement - AQA - BBC Bitesize When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. The threat of invasion was Elizabeth's main problem when she became Boston Spa, - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. Use your outline Elizabeth mock: "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main - Quizlet "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry. VAT reg no 816865400. Those who refused this were sent to prison. migration? Student / Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. Company Reg no: 04489574. This pleased those eager for her to marry, but made many unhappy because they did not want her to marry a French Catholic. In this sense, the colonisation of Virginia should be understood in relation to the wider conflict with Spain. Mary Queen of Scots was married to . Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. This delayed the Spanish attack and gave the English more time to prepare (hence the attempted invasion of the Armada one year later in 1588). She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. Elizabeth I: a biography. 2) This war was not a success. Company Reg no: 04489574. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself. - large religious threat as shows the chance of invasion increased due to the fact Spain and France could unite together against England. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. CLO History: What problems did Elizabeth face when she became - Quizlet

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